A tooth infection, or an abscessed tooth, is a bacterial infection of the gums or teeth. When this infection is left untreated, a pocket of pus can develop, leading to various dental problems. This infection often causes pain, and may lead to tooth loss, heart complications, brain infection, and sometimes, even death.
Signs and Symptoms of a Tooth Infection
Tooth infections often develop over time, starting as minor dental issues like cavities or gum disease. When left untreated, these problems can progress to severe infections. Common symptoms include:
- Swelling and redness around the affected tooth
- A bitter taste in the mouth
- Fever or chills
- An open sore or bump on the gums (fistula)
- Pain that may radiate to the jaw, ear, or neck
If an infection progresses, it can spread beyond the tooth, affecting nearby tissues and even other areas of the body. This makes early detection and treatment vital.
Risks of an Untreated Tooth Infection
Tooth infections can lead to more than just dental problems. When bacteria spread from the tooth to the bloodstream or nearby tissues, it can result in life-threatening conditions. While these cases are rare, patients should be aware that they are indeed a possibility.
- Endocarditis: Bacteria from the infection can enter the bloodstream and settle in the heart’s inner lining, causing inflammation and potential heart damage (American Heart Association).
- Sepsis: If the infection spreads widely through the bloodstream, it can trigger sepsis—a severe and potentially fatal immune response (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).
- Ludwig’s Angina: This rare but serious condition occurs when an abscess under the tongue spreads, potentially blocking the airway and causing difficulty breathing (Jason An; Jennifer Madeo; Mayank Singhal).
The list above is not all encompassing, as there can be other complications that can potentially arise from an untreated dental infection that may spread through the body.
Risk Factors
Leaving an infected tooth untreated can lead to various health complications. If you have any of the underlying conditions, you may be more susceptible to tooth infections:
- Older Age: Weakened immune systems in older adults make them more vulnerable to infections.
- Immunocompromised Conditions: Conditions like HIV, cancer, or autoimmune diseases reduce the body’s ability to fight infections.
- Diabetes: Poorly managed diabetes can impair wound healing and increase the risk of severe infections (American Diabetes Association).
If left untreated, the patient may develop heart, sinus, or brain damage.
When should I seek treatment?
You should seek immediate medical attention if you start to develop the following symptoms:
- Headache
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Trouble breathing
- Increased heart rate
- Problems eating, chewing, or swallowing
- Swelling in the face (eyes or neck)
- Difficulty speaking
What are the treatment options for an infected tooth?
If you find yourself with an infected tooth, some of the treatment routes available at the Dental Store are:
- Root Canal: Removes the infection from within the tooth while preserving its structure.
- Tooth Extraction: Recommended if the tooth cannot be saved.
- Antibiotics: Used to address bacterial infections, especially when the infection has spread. Note that the ADA recommends the root cause of the issue be treated as well, and antibiotics are not always the first choice.
- Abscess Drainage: Releases pus and reduces pressure and pain in the affected area.
How to Prevent Tooth Infection
Brushing and flossing your teeth twice a day and limiting foods and drinks filled with sugar are great ways to keep your teeth and overall oral health in check. Regular dental cleanings and seeking immediate dental attention when developing severe tooth injury are also crucial in preventing tooth infections.
It is important not to wait until the pain becomes unbearable to seek treatment. If you notice any irregularity, seek an emergency dentist near you immediately.
